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The Journal of Environment & Development
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Nature Conservation and Human Well-Being in Bhutan

An Assessment of Local Community Perceptions

Chhewang Rinzin

Royal Institute of Management, Thimphu, Bhutan, chhewang_rinzin{at}rim.edu.bt

Walter J. V. Vermeulen

Utrecht University, Netherlands, w.vermeulen{at}geo.uu.nl

Martin J. Wassen

Utrecht University, Netherlands, m.wassen{at}geo.uu.nl

Pieter Glasbergen

Utrecht University, Netherlands, p.glasbergen{at}geo.uu.nl

Bhutan's nature conservation policy aims to integrate nature conservation and economic development. This policy is guided by a Buddhist attitude that places coexistence with nature over exploitation of nature for economic gain. We looked at how nature conservation policy affected everyday life and economic activities of local communities and what this may imply for the country's long-term socioeconomic development. The study includes a field survey involving 210 local residents in two national parks. The results indicated that there is support for nature conservation in local communities despite the significant restrictions on the use of non—timber forest products and the loss of crops to wild animals. However, the compensation schemes are inadequate which may lead to depopulation and the abandonment of land in rural areas.

Key Words: sustainable development • Buddhism • local communities • nature conservation • wildlife conflict • community-based conservation

The Journal of Environment & Development, Vol. 18, No. 2, 177-202 (2009)
DOI: 10.1177/1070496509334294
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